Social Sciences 2009
Set 1 Outside Delhi
Q. 7. What does ‘foundational challenge’ of democracy involve? 1
Ans. ‘Foundational challenge’ of Democracy: It relates to making the transition to democracy and then instituting democratic government. It involves bringing down the existing non-democratic regime, keeping military away from controlling the government and establishing a sovereign and functional state.
Q. 20. Explain with examples, how mining and over irrigation are responsible for land degradation. 2+2=4
Ans. Human activities such as mining and over-irrigation are responsible for bringing down the quality of land and causing land degradation.
(i) Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening. In States like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation.
(ii) In the States of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, overirrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
(i) Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening. In States like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation.
(ii) In the States of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, overirrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
Q. 11. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below it: ‘In earlier times, foreign travellers in India marvelled at the courage, truthfulness and modesty of the people of the Arya vamsa; now they remark mainly on the absence of those qualities. In those days Hindus would set out on conquest and hoist their flags in Tartar, China and other countries; now a few soldiers from a tiny island far away are lording it over the land of India.
’ Tarinicharan Chattopadhyay, Bharatbarsher Itihas (The History of Bharatbarsh), Vol. I, 1858.
’ Tarinicharan Chattopadhyay, Bharatbarsher Itihas (The History of Bharatbarsh), Vol. I, 1858.
(11.1) Give the observation of early foreign travellers regarding the people of India.
(11.2) Explain the major problem in unifying the people of India during the 19th century. 1+2=3
(11.2) Explain the major problem in unifying the people of India during the 19th century. 1+2=3
Ans. (11.1) The early foreign travellers marvelled at the qualities like courage, truthfulness and modesty that the people of India possessed.
(11.2) (i) Efforts made to unify the people of India in the 19th century faced a peculiar problem. The past which was glorified to create a feeling of nationalism was predominantly Hindu, images celebrated were drawn from Hindu iconography. As a result, people from other communities and ethnic backgrounds felt left out.
(ii) Also, diverse groups and classes participated in the freedom movements with varied aspirations and expectations. Freedom from colonial rule meant different things to different people often leading to conflicts.
(11.2) (i) Efforts made to unify the people of India in the 19th century faced a peculiar problem. The past which was glorified to create a feeling of nationalism was predominantly Hindu, images celebrated were drawn from Hindu iconography. As a result, people from other communities and ethnic backgrounds felt left out.
(ii) Also, diverse groups and classes participated in the freedom movements with varied aspirations and expectations. Freedom from colonial rule meant different things to different people often leading to conflicts.
Q. 19. Explain the revolutionary reforms incorporated by Napoleon in France and in his conquered territories. 4
Ans.
Or
Explain four objectives of Vietnamese students who had gone to Japan for higher education during
1907-08. 4
1907-08. 4
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