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Monday, March 8, 2010

Social Sciences 2009

                                                                        Social Sciences 2009
                                                                              Set 1 Outside Delhi
Q. 7. What does ‘foundational challenge’ of democracy involve? 1
Ans. ‘Foundational challenge’ of Democracy: It relates to making the transition to democracy and then instituting democratic government. It involves bringing down the existing non-democratic regime, keeping military away from controlling the government and establishing a sovereign and functional state.

Q. 20. Explain with examples, how mining and over irrigation are responsible for land degradation. 2+2=4
Ans. Human activities such as mining and over-irrigation are responsible for bringing down the quality of land and causing land degradation.
(i) Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening. In States like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation.
(ii) In the States of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, overirrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.

Q. 11. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below it: ‘In earlier times, foreign travellers in India marvelled at the courage, truthfulness and modesty of the people of the Arya vamsa; now they remark mainly on the absence of those qualities. In those days Hindus would set out on conquest and hoist their flags in Tartar, China and other countries; now a few soldiers from a tiny island far away are lording it over the land of India.
’ Tarinicharan Chattopadhyay, Bharatbarsher Itihas (The History of Bharatbarsh), Vol. I, 1858.
(11.1) Give the observation of early foreign travellers regarding the people of India.
(11.2) Explain the major problem in unifying the people of India during the 19th century. 1+2=3
Ans. (11.1) The early foreign travellers marvelled at the qualities like courage, truthfulness and modesty that the people of India possessed.
(11.2) (i) Efforts made to unify the people of India in the 19th century faced a peculiar problem. The past which was glorified to create a feeling of nationalism was predominantly Hindu, images celebrated were drawn from Hindu iconography. As a result, people from other communities and ethnic backgrounds felt left out.
(ii) Also, diverse groups and classes participated in the freedom movements with varied aspirations and expectations. Freedom from colonial rule meant different things to different people often leading to conflicts.
Q. 19. Explain the revolutionary reforms incorporated by Napoleon in France and in his conquered territories. 4
Ans.
Or
Explain four objectives of Vietnamese students who had gone to Japan for higher education during
1907-08.


Social Sciences 2009

SOCIAL SCIENCE - 2009
  Set-II
                                                                      Outside Delhi.
Q. 7. What does ‘foundational challenge’ of democracy involve? 1
Ans. ‘Foundational challenge’ of Democracy: It relates to making the transition to democracy and then instituting democratic government. It involves bringing down the existing non-democratic regime, keeping military away from controlling the government and establishing a sovereign and functional state.
Q. 8. Why is it that income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services, that citizens are able to use? Give one example. 1
Ans. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services, that citizens are able to use. Quality of life also depends on non-material things like equal treatment, freedom, security, respect of others etc. For example, a person may be in a job which gives him a high pay, but there is no security in his job and leaves him with no time for family. So, in this case, high income is not important as the person has no sense of security and freedom.
Q. 10. Give two examples of renewable resources. ½+½=1
Ans. Renewable resources: Wind, water resources.
Q. 11. Analyse the reasons for the formation of Swaraj Party. 3
Ans. In February, 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non- Cooperation Movement, as he felt that it was turning violent and that the satyagrahis were not properly trained for mass struggle. Some leaders within the Congress were tired of mass struggle by then and wanted to participate in elections to the Provincial Councils. They wanted to oppose British policies within the Councils, argue for reforms and also demonstrate that these Councils were not truly democratic. C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru were two leaders who formed the Swaraj Party with the aim to fight elections and participate in Council politics.
Q. 16. Explain the change in nature of India’s international trade in the last 15 years. 3
Ans. Around 1991, the government removed barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment. This changed the nature of India’s international trade.
(i) Liberalisation of trade and investment policies allowed Indian producers to compete with producers around the globe leading to an improvement in performance and quality of products.
(ii) After the barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large extent, goods could be imported and exported easily and also foreign companies could set up factories and offices in India. This has led to an increase in trade between India and different countries.
(iii) Businesses are allowed to make decisions freely about what they wish to import or export due to the liberal policies of the Government. Some Indian companies have emerged as MNC’s themselves, for eg., Infosys, Tata Motors etc.
(iv) Doors of investment opened up for MNCs. They have been investing large sums of money in India in industries such as cell phones, automobiles, electronics, etc.
Q. 19. Explain the beliefs of conservative regimes set up in 1815. 4
Ans. Following Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, European governments were driven by conservatism. Conservatives believed that traditional institutions like the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family should be preserved. But, after 1815, most conservatives did not propose to return to the pre-revolutionary days and felt that modernisation could strengthen institutions like the monarchy. A modern army, efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen autocratic monarchies of Europe. At the Congress of Vienna, representatives of European powers met with the intention to restore monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon, and create a new conservative order in Europe. In 1815, the conservative regimes in Europe were autocratic. They did not tolerate criticism, dissent and tried to curb activities that questioned legitimacy of autocratic governments and imposed censorship laws to check newspapers, books, plays and songs that reflected ideas of liberty and freedom.
Or
Explain how Phan Chu Trinh’s ideas differed from Phan Boi Chau’s ideas. 4
Ans. Phan Chu Trinh was intensely hostile to the Monarchy. He wished to establish a democratic republic in Vietnam. In contrast, Phan Boi Chau was a revivalist who valued Vietnam’s sovereignty, mainly in terms of the country’s ancient cultural links with China. There were considerable differences in their visions for Vietnamese independence:
Phan Boi Chau Phan Chu Trinh
(i) He believed that the foreign enemy should be driven out first, and after achieving nation’s independence, other things could be discussed. (i) He wished to overthrow the the monarchy, in order to create a basis for the promotion of popular rights.
(ii) He was of the opinion that monarchy should be used to achieve their objective. (ii) He was staunchly against the monarchy and opposed the idea of resisting the French with the help of the court. He accepted the French revotionary ideal of liberty and wanted the French to set up legal and educational institutions and develop agriculture and industries.
(iii) Boi Chau considered modern Vietnam’s break of cultural link with China as a great loss. (iii) He was greatly influenced by western ideas of democracy and did not want a wholesale rejection of western civilization.
(iv) He was completely opposed to the idea of raising people to abolish the monarchy. (iv) His plan was to raise people to abolish the monarchy.
Ans.
Q. 20. Explain with examples, how mining and over irrigation are responsible for land degradation. 2+2=4
Ans. Human activities such as mining and over-irrigation are responsible for bringing down the quality of land and causing land degradation.
(i) Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening. In States like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation.
(ii) In the States of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, overirrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
Q. 21. Explain any four efforts made by the Government to improve and modernise Indian agriculture. 4×1=4
Ans. 

Q. 24. Taking the example of Netherlands and Northern Ireland, explain the effects of overlapping and cross cutting social differences. 2+2=4
Ans. 
Q. 25. Explain with examples, the influence of pressure groups on democracy. 4
Ans.
Q. 26. Explain any four reasons as to why organized sector has an edge over unorganized sector. 4×1=4
Ans.

Social Sciences 2009

SOCIAL SCIENCE - 2009
Comptt- Set-III
                                                                      Outside Delhi.
Q1. Why did the Roman Catholic Church impose controls over publishers and book-sellers? 1
Ans. Print and popular religious literature encouraged many different individual interpretations of faith even among little educated working people. Manocchio, a miller in Italy, reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of God and Creation. Enraged by this and troubled by such effects of popular readings and questionings of faith, the Roman Catholic Church imposed controls over publishers and booksellers.
Or
Why were novels serialized in magazines in the 19th century? Give one reason. 1
Ans. Novels were serialised in magazines in the 19th century as magazines were attractive. They were illustrated and cheap and serialisation allowed readers to relish the suspense, discuss the characters of the novels and literally live for weeks with their stories.
Q. 2. State one reason for the need to conserve the water resources. 1
Ans. Water is indispensbale for the survival of human beings. We need water:-
(i) To ensure food security.
(ii) For continuation of our livelihoods and productive activities of the nation.
(iii) To prevent degradation of our natural eco-system. (any one)
Q. 3. Give the difference between mineral and ore. 1
Ans. A mineral is a homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure. Minerals have physical and chemical properties by which they are identified. Ore is an accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements. Minerals are usually found in ‘ores’.
Q. 4. What are State highways? 1 Ans. Roads linking a State capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the Public Works Departments (PWD) in States and Union Territories.
Q. 5. Name the Australian athlete who supported Tommie Smith and John Carlos in the 1968 Olympics. 1
Ans. Peter Norman.
Q. 6. Mention any one reason for the declining child sex ratio in India. 1
Ans. Parents in many parts of India prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl-child aborted before she is born. Such sex-selective abortions have led to a decline in child sex ratio (number of girl children per thousand boys) in India.
Q. 7. Define the term ‘democracy reform’. 1
Ans. All the suggestions or proposals about overcoming various challenges to democracy are called ‘democracy reforms’ or ‘democratic reforms’.
Q. 8. Why is it that income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services, that citizens are able to use? Give one example. 1
Ans. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services, that citizens are able to use. Quality of life also depends on non-material things like equal treatment, freedom, security, respect of others etc. For example, a person may be in a job which gives him a high pay, but there is no security in his job and leaves him with no time for family. So, in this case, high income is not important as the person has no sense of security and freedom.
Q. 9. Amongst Kerala, Bihar and Punjab, which one has highest per capita income? 1
Ans. Punjab.
Q. 10. What does gross enrolment ratio for three levels mean? 1
Ans. Gross Enrolment Ratio for three levels means enrolment ratio for primary school, secondary school and higher education beyond secondary school.
Q. 11. Explain the reasons for Gandhiji’s decision to launch a nation-wide Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act 1919. 3
Ans. Textbook Questions,
Q. 12. Explain the reasons for relaunching the Civil Disobedience Movement by Gandhiji. 3
Ans. Gandhiji entered into a pact with Viceroy Irwin on 5th March 1931. By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Second Round Table Conference and the government agreed to release the political prisoners. In December, 1931, Gandhiji went to London for the Conference but the negotiations failed and he returned disappointed.
On returning, he realised that the government had begun a new cycle of repression, Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were both in jail, the Congress had been declared illegal, and a series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings, demonstrations and boycotts.
Thus, with great apprehension, Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Note : - Below are given three groups - A, B and C for questions number 13 and 14. Select any one group for answering these two questions.
Group A
Q. 13. Explain how Europeans overcame the problem of shortage of labour willing to work for wages in Africa. 3×1=3
Ans. European employers used many methods to recruit and retain labour in Africa. They overcame the problem of shortage of labour in the following ways:
(i) Heavy taxes were imposed which could be paid only by working for wages on plantations and mines. (ii) Inheritance Laws were changed so that peasants were displaced from land: only one member of a family was allowed to inherit land, as a result of which the others were pushed into the labour market.
(iii) Mine workers were confined in compounds and were not allowed to move about freely.
Q. 14. Explain the circumstances in the 17th and 18th centuries which made the merchants of Europe shift their interest from towns to countryside. 3×1=3
Ans. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, merchants from towns in Europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money to peasants and artisans, persuading them to produce for an international market. Reasons:
Group B
Q. 13. Explain the impact of the Great Depression on U.S. 3×1=3
Ans. See Q. 6(iii), Additional Questions, Chapter 4. [Page H-34
Q. 14. Explain the land reclamation process in Bombay (Mumbai). 3×1=3
Ans. The need for additional commercial space in the mid-nineteenth century led to the formulation of several plans, both by the government and private companies, for the reclamation of more land from the sea. In 1864, the Back Bay Reclamation Company won the right to reclaim the western foreshore from the tip of Malabar Hill to the end of Colaba. Reclamation also often meant the levelling of hills around Bombay. By the 1870s, the city of Bombay (Mumbai) had expanded to about 22 square miles.
As population continued to increase rapidly in the early twentieth century, every bit of available area was built over and new areas were reclaimed from the sea.
The Bombay Port Trust built a dry dock between 1914 and 1918, and used the excavated earth to create the 22-acre Ballard Estate. Subsequently, the famous Marine Drive was also developed.
Group C
Q. 13. Explain three reasons why there was an increasing concern to house the London poor. 3×1=3
Q. 14. Explain any three effects of the First World War on the industrial growth in India. 3×1=3
Ans.
Q. 15. Explain the significance of newspapers and journals developed from the early 18th century. 3
Ans. By the close of the eighteenth century, a number of newspapers and journals appeared in print.
a). Not just the English people, the Indians too began to publish Indian newspapers.
b). The first newspaper to come out was the weekly Bengal Gazette, brought out by Gangadhar Bhattacharya.
c). Printed tracts and newspapers not only spread new ideas, but they also shaped the nature of debate. A wider public could now participate in public discussions and express their views
d). There were intense controversies between the social and religious reformers and Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatory. So that these ideas and thoughts could reach a wider audience, newspapers were printed in the spoken language of ordinary people.
e). Rammohun Roy published the Sambad Kaumudi from 1821 and the Hindu orthodoxy commissioned the Samachar Chandrika to oppose his opinions.
f). Two Persian newspapers, Jam-i-Jahan Nama and Shamsul Akhbar were also published.
g). Newspapers and journals not only helped the publication of conflicting opinions but also connected people and communities in different parts of India. Newspapers conveyed news from one place to another, creating Pan-Indian identities.
Or
How did the women novel writers express their feelings through the novels during the 19th century.
Ans. a). With the middle classes becoming more prosperous, the women got more leisure to read as well as write. Novels began exploring the world of women their emotions and identities, their experiences and problems.
b). Many novels were written about domestic life, a theme about which women spoke with utmost authority. Women drew upon their own personal experiences and wrote about family life and earned public recognition.
c). Novelists like Jane Austen wrote about women in the genteel rural society in Britain, where women were encouraged to look for ‘good’ marriages and find wealthy husbands.
d). Women novelists also wrote about women who broke established norms of society before adjusting to them. Women readers associated with such characters and sympathised with their rebellious actions. e). Charlotte Bronte’s ‘Jane Eyre’, published in 1847, is one such novel in which young Jane is an independent and assertive character.
Q. 16. Explain any three conditions that favour the growth of railways in the northern plains of India. 3×1=3
Ans. 
Q. 17. Study the table given below and answer the questions that follow .
Type of regimes and countries Growth Rate
All democratic regimes 3.95
All dictatorial regimes 4.42
Poor countries under dictatorship 4.34
Poor countries under democracy 4.28
(17.1) What is the rate of economic growth of all dictatorial regimes?
(17.2) Mention any two reasons why economic growth rate alone cannot be a reason to reject democracy. 1+2=3
Ans. (17.1) The economic growth rate of all dictatorial regimes is 4.42%.
(17.2) The inability of a democracy to achieve higher economic growth rate is not reason enough to reject democracy. This is because:
(a) Economic development depends on several factors such as a country’s population size, global situation, cooperation from other countries, economic priorities adopted by the country, etc. and not just democratic principles alone.
(b) A democracy has several other positive outcomes which make it a better option than dictatorships. A democracy is a people’s own government. Decisions in a democracy are acceptable to the people and are more effective.
Q. 18. Analyse with three suitable examples why rules and regulations are required for the protection of consumers in the marketplace. 3×1=3
Ans. Rules and regulations are required for the protection of consumers in the market place.
— The consumers often find themselves in a weak position as the seller always tries to shift the responsibility on to the consumer
— Rules and regulations are necessary to prevent unfair trade practices such as overcharging, selling commodities in smaller quantities than shown on the package, hoarding, black-marketing, adulteration of food and edible oils, charging more than the actual price, weighing less, selling defective goods, etc. Rules and regulations give support to consumers.
— Till recently there was no authority or organisation where a consumer could lodge a complaint. All a buyer could do was avoid buying the brand for which he was cheated. Rules and Regulations and the Consumer movement today are a social force to safeguard the rights of consumers.
Q. 19. “Equality before law did not necessarily stand for universal suffrage in France after the revolution.” Explain with suitable examples. 4
Ans. “Equality before law did not necessarily stand for universal suffrage in France after the revolution.” Universal suffrage or universal right to vote was never granted. In revolutionary France, as part of the first political experiment in liberal democracy, the right to vote and get elected was granted exclusively to property-owning men. Men without property and all women did not get political rights. Only briefly under the Jacobins all the adult males enjoyed suffrage. The Napoleonic Code also went back to limited suffrage and reduced women to the status of a minor, subject to the authority of fathers and husbands. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, women and non-propertied men organised opposition movements demanding equal political rights.
Or
Explain the effects of Vietnam war on U.S. and Vietnam. 2+2=4
Ans. The consequences of Vietnam War were disastrous for both Vietnam and US.
Effects on Vietnam. The war brought with it death and destruction to the people of Vietnam and to its environment. The US entry into the war led to a period of brutal struggle. Thousands of US troops arrived equiped with heavy weapons and tanks backed by most powerful bombers of the time—the B 52s. The widespread attacks and use of chemical weapons—Napalm, Agent Orange and Phosphorous bombs destroyed many villages and decimated jungles. Civilians also died in large numbers.
Effect on US.
(i) Most of the people in the US were critical of the Government’s policy of war. When the youths were drafted (forced recruitment) for the war, the anger grew. Compulsory service in the armed forces, however, could be waived for university graduates. This meant many of those sent to fight did not belong to the priviledged elite, but were minorities and children of working class families which created a lot of resentment.
(ii) US media played a major role in both supporting and criticising the war. Hollywood made films in support of the war. (Example: John Wayne’s Green Berets; 1968). The film was taken as a war propaganda film, responsible for motivating many young men to die in the war. Other films were more critical. (Example: John Ford Coppala’s Apocalypse Now 1979 reflected the moral confusion that the war causedin the US).
Q. 20. Describe any four factors responsible for soil formation. 4×1=4
Ans. Soil is a living system. It takes millions of years to form soil up to a few centimeters in depth. Factors responsible for soil formation are:
(i) Parent rock or bed rock on which the soils are formed, disintegrate and decompose under the process of weathering and erosion.
(ii) Climate: It determines the rate of weathering.
(iii) Relief, vegetation, other forms of life and time are other important factors in the formation of soils.
(iv) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. also contribute to the formation of soil.
(v) Chemical and organic changes which take place in soil, also play a role in its formation.
Q. 21. Explain any four efforts made by the Government to improve and modernise Indian agriculture. 4×1=4
Ans. 
Q. 22. “The challenge of sustainable development requires integration of economic development with environmental concerns.” Support the statement by giving four measures that can be taken by the industries to protect the environment. 4×1=4.
Ans. Measures that can be taken by industries to protect the environment are as follows:
(i) Reducing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling at various stages.
(ii) Rain water harvesting to meet the growing need for water.
(iii) Proper treatment of hot water and effluents before discharging them into rivers.
(iv) There should be careful planning during siting of industries, better designing of industrial equipment and better operation of the equipment.
(v) Oil or gas should be used instead of coal to reduce smoke.
(vi) Generators should be fitted with silencers.
(vii) Aerosol emissions can be reduced by the use of separators, scrubbers, filters, precipitators, etc.
(viii) Shifting of industries away from the cities. (any four).
. 23. Explain any four amendments made in the Constitution as a major step towards decentralization, in order to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective. 4×1=4
Ans. 
Q. 24. Taking the example of Netherlands and Northern Ireland, explain the effects of overlapping and cross cutting social differences. 2+2=4
Ans. 
Q. 25. “Very often political parties do not seem to offer meaningful choice to voters.” Support the statement with examples. 4
Ans. A major challenge faced by political parties is that very often, the parties do not seem to offer meaningful choices to the voters. In recent years, there has been a decline in ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world. For example, The Labour Party and Conservative Party in Britain are not very different from each other. They agree on more fundamental aspects but differ only in details on how policies are to be framed and implemented. Even in India, the differences among all the major political parties on the economic policies have reduced. Citizens who want different policies have little option available to them. Sometimes citizens who want to elect different leaders are left with no choice because the same set of leaders keep shifting from one party to another.
Q. 26. Describe certain activities of public interest on which the Government has to focus on priority basis. 4
Ans. Activities of public interest on which the government needs to focus on a priority basis:
(i) Education. The government must provide adequate education facilities in all rural and urban areas. The government must necessarily focus on education for girls so that all girls are able to acquire atleast secondary level schooling. Running proper schools and providing quality education, particularly elementary education, is the duty of the government.
(ii) Health and Nutrition.
(a) Basic health care facilities are a must for all. Establishment of government hospitals, clinics and dispensaries especially in the rural areas to provide subsidized and unadulterated medicines to the poorer sections of society.
(b) An effective Public Distribution System—proper functioning of ration shops and equitable distribution of foodgrains in very essential.
(iii) Transporation. A well developed public transport system to make it easy for general public to commute.
(iv) Electricity. It is the duty of the government to provide electricity and water at reasonable rates to the common man and prevent him from exploitation by private companies.
Q. 27. Study the graph carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Ans. (27.1) Formal sources: Commercial Banks and Co-operative Societies. Informal sources: Moneylenders, Relatives and friends.
(27.2) Two reasons why co-operative societies and banks need to lend more:
(i) Formal sources of credit such as banks and co-operative societies function as per the rules and guidelines laid down by the Reserve Bank of India. They maintain stipulated cash balance and cash reserves. Their operations are supervised by the Reserve Bank and they cannot charge any rate of interest from the borrowers according to their whims. Banks provide affordable credit at reasonable rates of interest.
(ii) There is no organisation that supervises the credit activities of lenders in the informal sector. They lend at whatever rate they choose and use unfair means to get their money back. Thus, it is necessary that banks and co-operatives increase their lending, especially in rural areas.

The following question is for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 27.
(27.1) What role does the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) play in supervising the functions of formal sector of loans? Give any two points.
(27.2) Explain any two demerits of informal sector of loans. 2+2=4
Ans. 
(27.2) Demerits of informal sector of loans:
(a) They charge very high rates of interest.
(b) They use unfair means to get their money back.
Q. 28. “Rapid improvement in technologies has been a major factor that has stimulated the globalization process.” Support the statement with suitable examples. 4×1=4
Ans. Improvement in technology has played a major role in stimulating the globalisation process:
1. Technology. Rapid improvement in technology has contributed greatly towards globalisation. Advanced technology in transport system has helped in faster delivery of goods across long distances at lower costs.
2. Development of information and communication technology also has helped a great deal. Telecommunication facilities—telegraph, telephone (including mobile phones), fax, e-mail etc. are now used to contact one another quickly around the world, access information instantly and communicate from remote areas. Teleconferences help in saving frequent long trips across the globe.
3. Information technology has also played an important role in spreading out production of services across countries. Orders are placed through internet, designing is done on computers, even payment for designing and printing can be arranged through the internet. Internet allows us to send instant electronic mail (e-mail)
Q. 29. Six features with serial numbers 1 to 6 are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map: 6×1=6
(1) Main centre of overseas trade during seventeenth century
(2) A large scale indus-trial region of India in 1931
(3) A type of soil
(4) A major State producing groundnut
(5) Area where bauxite mine is located
(6) An International airport.


Ans.


Or
Locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols on the given political outline map of India: 6×1=6
(i) A place where the Congress session was held in 1927.
(ii) A place where ‘no tax campaign’ was carried out.
(iii) An iron and steel plant in Chhattisgarh.
(iv) A nuclear plant in Uttar Pradesh.
(v) A software technology park in Orissa
(vi) A major sea port in Kerala.


Note: The following question is for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 29. (29.1) Name the place that witnessed a violent incident which forced Mahatma Gandhi to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement. (29.2) Name the Congress session where the resolution of Poorna Swaraj was taken. (29.3) Name the type of soil found in Uttar Pradesh. (29.4) Name the major sea port in Goa. (29.5) In which State is Balaghat manganese mine located? (29.6) Name the major sugarcane producing State of India. 6×1=6
Ans. (29.1) Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh.
(29.2) The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929.
(29.3) Alluvial soil.
(29.4) Marmagao.
(29.5) Madhya Pradesh
(29.6) Uttar Pradesh



Social Sciences 2009

                                                          SOCIAL SCIENCE - 2009
                                                                      Set II
                                                                      Delhi

Q. 7. Give one example to show that political reforms can be counterproductive. 1
Ans. Sometimes political reforms can be counter-productive. Many States, for example, have banned people who have more than two children from contesting Panchayat elections. This has resulted in denial of democratic opportunity to many poor men and women which was not intended.
Q. 8. How can a developmental goal for one be destructive for the other? Mention one suitable example. 1
Ans. Developmental goals are different for different categories of people because of their different aspirations and life situations.
Example: Industrialists may want construction of more dams for more electricity generation, but this may lead to displacement of tribals who live in those areas and thereby disrupt and ruin their lives.
Q. 9. Amongst the States of Punjab, Kerala and Bihar, which one has the lowest literacy rate? 1
Ans. Bihar.
Q. 10. Define the term ‘Infant Mortality Rate’. 1
Ans. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): It indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
Q. 11. Explain the circumstances which made Dalits give limited response to the Civil Disobedience Movement. 3
Ans. The nation’s ‘untouchables’ had begun to call themselves ‘dalit’ or oppressed. The Congress had ignored this group for fear of offending the higher castes. But Mahatma Gandhi fought for these people and called them ‘Harijans’. He lived and dined with these groups of Harijans but his efforts did not satisfy the dalit leaders.
Many dalit leaders were keen on a different political solution to the progblems of the community. They began to demand reserved seats in educational institutions and a separate electorate that would choose dalit members for Legislative Councils. Political empowerment, they thought, would resolve the problems of their social disabilities. Dalit participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement was therefore limited, particularly in the Maharashtra and Nagpur regions where their organizations were quite strong.
Q. 12. Describe the Peasant Rebellion in Awadh during the Non-Cooperation Movement. 3
Ans. The Peasant Rebellion in Awadh was led by Baba Ramchandra, a ‘Sanyasi’, who was earlier a labourer in Fiji. Here, the movement was against ‘talukdars’ and landlords who demanded high rents from peasants. The peasants were forced to do ‘begar’ and work at farms of landlords with no wages. As tenants, they had no security of tenure and could be evicted without any notice as they had no right over the leased land. The Peasant Movement thus demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of ‘begar’ and the boycott of oppressive landlords. In 1920, Shri Jawaharlal Nehru toured Awadh villages to understand peasant grievances. This led to the formation of the Oudh Kisan Sabha headed by Shri Nehru and Baba Ramchandra. So, when the Non-Cooperation Movement began, the effort of the Congress was to integrate the Awadh peasants into the wider struggle
Note : Below are given three groups—A, B and C for questions number 13 and 14. Select any one group for answering these two questions.
Group A
Q. 13. Analyse any three conditions that made economic recovery difficult for Britain after First World War. 3×1=3
Ans. (i) Post-World War I economic recovery proved difficult. Britain, the world’s leading economy in the pre-war period, faced a prolonged crisis. While Britain was preoccupied with war, industries developed in India and Japan. After the war, Britain could not recapture its earlier position of dominance in the Indian market and to compete internationally with Japan.
(ii) To finance war expenses, Britain had borrowed liberally from USA, which led to huge external debts for USA.
(iii) The war also led to an economic boom, with a large increase in demand, production and employment. After the war ended, unemployment increased and production contracted. There were thus huge job losses and, in 1921, one in every five British workers was out of work.
Q. 16. Name any two States which are benefitted by Kandla Port. Mention three advantages of waterways. 1+2=3
Ans. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat (any two) are the States which have benefitted by the Kandla Port. Advantages of Waterways: See Q. 24, Chapter 7. [Page G-52
Q. 19. How did the French Revolution create a sense of ‘collective belongingness’ among the French in the eighteenth century? Explain. 4
Ans. From the beginning the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices to create a sense of ‘collective belongingness’ among the French. The ideas of ‘la patrie’ (the fatherland) and ‘le citoyen’ (the citizen), emphasized the notion of a united community, enjoying equal rights under a community. A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed National Assembly. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation.
A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. Internal custom duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation.
Or
How was education promoted by French in Vietnam pro-French? Explain any four points in this regard. 4×1=4
Ans. Like the British in India, the French claimed that they were bringing modern civilization to the Vietnamese. Education was seen as one way to civilize the ‘natives’.
The French dismantled the traditional educational system and established French schools for the Vietnamese. They were keen to introduce French as a medium of instruction as the Vietnamese would be introduced to the culture and civilization of France. This would help to create an ”Asiatic France tied solidly to European France”, and Vietnam would respect French sentiments and ideas, and see the superiority of French culture.
School textbooks glorified French rule and children were taught that only French rule would bring peace in Vietnam.
The Tonkin Free School set up in 1907 provided a western style of education. The school’s approach was to be ‘modern’. It was not enough to learn science and western ideas, to be modern the Vietnamese had also to look modern.
Q. 20. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic resources by stating four points. 4×1=4
Biotic Resources Abiotic Resources
1. The resources which are obtained from biosphere are biotic resources. 1. All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources.
2. They have life. 2. They do not have life.
3. These include flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock, human beings etc. 3. These include rocks, metals, land, air, mountains, rivers, etc.
4. Minerals such as coal and petroleum are included in this category because they were formed from decayed organic matter. 4. Minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver, etc. come in this category.
Q. 21. Describe any four important characteristics of plantation farming. 4×1=4.
Q. 26. What is National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005? State three measures taken under NREGA 2005 to help the rural poor. 1+3=4
Ans. Every State or region in India has potential for increasing the income and employment in that area. Recognising this, the Central Government in India has passed an Act called the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005. Measures taken under the NREGA 2005 are:
(i) The main aim of the Act is to implement the Right to Work in 200 districts of India.
(ii) Under the NREGA 2005, all those who are able to, and are in need of work, have been guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government. In case the government fails, it offers unemployment allowance to the people.
(iii) The type of work that will help increase the production from land will be given preference under the Act.





Social Sciences 2009

SOCIAL SCIENCE - 2009
Delhi
Time : 3 hours
Maximum marks : 80
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. There are 29 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2. Marks for each question are indicated against the question.
3. Questions from serial number 1 to 10 are 1 mark questions. Answers of these questions may be from one word to one sentence.
4. Questions from serial number 11 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answers of these questions may be given in 60-80 words each.
5. Questions from serial number 19 to 28 are 4 marks questions. Answers of these questions may be given 80-100 words each. 6. Question number 29 is on map work. Attach the map inside your answer book.

Q. 1. Why did the Imperial State in China sponsor the printing of textbooks? 1
Ans. China had a huge bureaucratic system, whose personnel were recruited through Civil Service examinations. The Imperial State sponsored the printing of these textbooks for the examinations as the number of candidates had gone up, and vast numbers were required.
Or
Why do novels use ‘Vernacular’? 1
Ans. Novels use the vernacular, the language of the common people. It helps to produce the sense of a shared world between diverse people in a nation, by coming closer to the different spoken languages of the people
Q. 2. Mention one social reason for the movements against the construction of huge dams. 1
Ans. Construction of huge dams leads to large-scale displacement of local communities who have to give up their land, livelihood and control over resources.
Q. 3. Give one difference between Lignite and Anthracite coal. 1
Ans. Lignite Coal is a low grade brown coal. It is soft with high moisture content. Anthracite Coal is the highest quality of hard coal.
Q. 4. Which is the southernmost major port of India? 1
Ans. Tuticorin is the southernmost major port of India.
Q. 5. Mention any two gender issues raised in politics. 1
Ans. Two gender issues raised in politics:
(i) Equal rights to women and the extension of voting rights to women.
(ii) Enhancement in the political and legal status of women and improving their educational and career opportunities.
Q. 6. Name two athletes who stood against racial discrimination in U.S. during the 1968 Olympics held at Mexico City. 1
Ans. The two athletes who stood against racial discrimination in USA during the 1968 Olympics at Mexico were Tommie Smith and John Carlos.

Q. 7. State the importance of ‘Right to Information’? 1
Ans. The RTI (Right to Information) Act was passed in 2005 by the Government. This Act ensures to the citizens all the information about the Government departments and empowers people to find out what is happening in the government.
Q. 8. How can a developmental goal for one be destructive for the other? Mention one suitable example. 1
Ans. Developmental goals are different for different categories of people because of their different aspirations and life situations.
Example: Industrialists may want construction of more dams for more electricity generation, but this may lead to displacement of tribals who live in those areas and thereby disrupt and ruin their lives.
Q. 9. Amongst the States of Punjab, Kerala and Bihar, which one has the lowest literacy rate? 1
Ans. Bihar.
Q. 10. Define the term ‘Gross Domestic Product’. 1
Ans. Gross Domestic Product or GDP of a country is the value of all the final goods and services produced in each sector within a country during a particular year. The GDP indicates how big the country’s economy is.
Q. 11. Explain the response of business class in India to the Civil Disobedience Movement. 3
Ans. During the First World War, Indian merchants and industrialists had made huge profits and became powerful. They were keen to expand their business and so reacted against colonial policies that restricted business activities. They wanted protection against import of foreign goods and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports. To organize business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (1920) and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) (1927). Led by industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G.D.Birla, the industrialists attacked colonial control over Indian economy and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement when it was first launched. They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods. Most businessmen came to see Swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist and trade and industry would flourish without constraints. But, after the failure of the Round Table Conference, business groups were no longer uniformly enthusiastic.
Q. 12. Describe the Peasant Rebellion in Awadh during the Non-Cooperation Movement. 3
Ans. The Peasant Rebellion in Awadh was led by Baba Ramchandra, a ‘Sanyasi’, who was earlier a labourer in Fiji. Here, the movement was against ‘talukdars’ and landlords who demanded high rents from peasants. The peasants were forced to do ‘begar’ and work at farms of landlords with no wages. As tenants, they had no security of tenure and could be evicted without any notice as they had no right over the leased land. The Peasant Movement thus demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of ‘begar’ and the boycott of oppressive landlords. In 1920, Shri Jawaharlal Nehru toured Awadh villages to understand peasant grievances. This led to the formation of the Oudh Kisan Sabha headed by Shri Nehru and Baba Ramchandra. So, when the Non-Cooperation Movement began, the effort of the Congress was to integrate the Awadh peasants into the wider struggle
Note : Below are given three groups—A, B and C for questions number 13 and 14. Select any one group for answering these two questions.
Group A
Q. 13. Analyse any three conditions that made economic recovery difficult for Britain after First World War. 3×1=3
Ans. (i) Post-World War I economic recovery proved difficult. Britain, the world’s leading economy in the pre-war period, faced a prolonged crisis. While Britain was preoccupied with war, industries developed in India and Japan. After the war, Britain could not recapture its earlier position of dominance in the Indian market and to compete internationally with Japan.
(ii) To finance war expenses, Britain had borrowed liberally from USA, which led to huge external debts for USA.
(iii) The war also led to an economic boom, with a large increase in demand, production and employment. After the war ended, unemployment increased and production contracted. There were thus huge job losses and, in 1921, one in every five British workers was out of work.
Q. 14. Explain any three reasons as to why British industrialists preferred hand labour. 3×1=3
Ans. (i) When there is plenty of labour, wages are low. In Victorian Britain, industrialists had no problem of labour shortage or high wage-cost as large numbers of poor peasants and vagrants had moved to the cities. Machines were not introduced as this would rid them of hand labour.
(ii) Demand for labour was seasonal. In industries, where production fluctuated with the season, hand labour was preferred.
(iii) A range of products could be produced only with hand labour. Demand in the market was for goods with intricate designs and specific shapes. In Britain, for example, 500 varieties of hammers were produced and 45 kinds of axes. These required human skill, not mechanical technology. In Victorian Britain, the aristocrats and the bourgeoisie preferred hand-made objects. These objects had a better finish, as they were individually produced and carefully designed. Machine-made goods were for export to the colonies.
Q. 15. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below it: Why women should not read novels From a Tamil essay published in 1927:
‘Dear children, don’t read these novels, don’t even touch them. Your life will be ruined. You will suffer disease and ailments. Why did the good Lord make you—to wither away at a tender age? To suffer in disease? To be despised by your brothers, relatives and those around you? No. No. You must become mothers; you must lead happy lives; this is the divine purpose. You who were born to fulfil this sublime goal, should you ruin your life by going crazy after despicable novels?’
Essay by Thiru. Vi. Ka, Translated by A.R. Venkatachalapathy
(15.1) Why does the writer of this passage not want the children to read novels?
(15.2) Explain the advice given to the girls by the writer. 1+2=3
Ans. (15.1) Children were advised not to read novels, because it took them away from their real surroundings into an imaginary world where anything could happen. Novels had an immoral influence and were seen as easily corruptible. The writer thought that their lives would be ruined and they would suffer from ailments and diseases.
(15.2) Women were advised not to read novels. They were designed by the Lord to be mothers and lead happy lives. By going crazy after novels, this sublime goal would be ruined.
Or
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below it: Gandhi said in 1922:
‘Liberty of speech ... liberty of the press ... freedom of association. The Government of India is now seeking to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion. The fight for Swaraj, for Khilafat ... means a fight for this threatened freedom before all else...’
(15.1) Mention two vehicles of expression.
(15.2) Why did the then Government of India seek to crush the vehicles of expression? 1+2=3
Ans. (15.1) Two vehicles of expression were the freedom of newspapers (Press) and freedom of associations and groups.
(15.2) The Government wanted to prevent the formation of public opinion against the British. They feared that the hollow weaknesses of the colonial rulers would be exposed.
To weaken the national movement and prevent people from revolting against the Government of India.
Q. 16. Mention any two means of mass communication. Write any four merits of mass communication. 1+2=3
Ans. Means of mass communication:
Print Media which includes printed material like newspapers and magazines.
Electronic Media, e.g., radio and telelvision, etc. Four merits of mass communication

Q. 17. “Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual.” Justify the statement by giving three examples. 3×1=3
Ans. Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting the dignity and freedom of the individual.
(i) The passion for respect and freedom are the bases of democracy. Democracy accepts dignity of women as a necessary ingredient of society. We have historically had male dominated societies. There is sensitivity to women’s issues because of long struggles by them. Democracy recognises the principle of equal treatment to women unlike non-democratic governments.
(ii) The same is true of caste inequalities. Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal status and opportunity.
(iii) Also, democracy has to meet the expectations of citizens and people have the right to complain about the functioning of democracy.
Q. 18. Analyse the growth of consumer movement as a ‘social force’ in India, which led to the enactment of COPRA, 1986 by the Indian Government. 3
Ans. The consumer movement as a ‘social force’ originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices of the producers and sellers.
i. Rampant food shortages, hoarding, black marketing, adulteration of food and edible oil gave birth to the consumer movement in an organised form in the 1960s.
ii. In the early phase, consumer organisations were mainly engaged in writing articles and holding exhibitions. They formed groups to look into malpractices in ration shops and overcrowding in road passenger transport.
iii. Because of all these efforts, the movement succeeded in putting pressure on businesses and the government to change their unfair ways. As a result of all this, a major step was taken by the Indian Government in 1986. It enacted the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, which popularly came to be known as COPRA.
Q. 19. Describe in brief the emergence of Greece as an Independent Nation. 4
Ans. The Greek War of Independence was an event that mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe. Greece was a part of the Ottoman empire since the 15th century. Revolutionary nationalism in Europe had started a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks from 1821. Nationalists in Greece were supported by other Greeks living in exile and also from many West Europeans who had sympathies for ancient Greek culture.
Poets and artists praised Greece as the cradle of European civilization and mobilised public opinion to support its struggle against a Muslim empire. The Treaty of Constantinople of 1832, finally recognised Greece as an independent nation.
Or
Describe the problems faced by the French after the creation of a modern city in Hanoi.
Ans. When the French set about to create a modern Vietnam, they decided to rebuild Hanoi. Latest architecture and engineering skills were used to build a new and ‘modern’ city.
In 1903, the modern part of Hanoi was struck by bubonic plague, which took a very interesting turn.
The French part of Hanoi was built as a beautiful and clean city with wide roads and a well laid out sewer system, while the ‘native quarter’ was not provided with any modern facilities. The refuse from the old city drained straight out into the river or, during heavy rains or floods, overflowed into the streets. So, what was installed to create a hygienic environment in the French city became the cause of the plague.
The large sewers of the modern part of the city, a symbol of modernity, became a breeding ground for rats. The sewers also served as a great transport system, allowing the rats to move around the city without any problem. Rats began to enter the well-cared-for homes of the French through the sewage pipes. Thus, the rat menace brought the end of French power. 
Q. 20. Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources by giving four points of distinction. 4×1=4
Ans. On the basis of exhaustibility, resources can be classified as:
1. Renewable resources.
(a) which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical and mechanical processes.
(b) For example, solar energy, wind energy, water energy, forests, etc.
2. Non-renewable resources.
(a) These occur over a very long geological time and take millions of years in their formation.
(b) For example, minerals and fossil fuels.
Q. 21. Describe any four important characteristics of plantation farming. 4×1=4.
Ans
Q. 22. Study carefully the map given below showing major textile industries and answer the questions that follow:

(22.1) Name woollen textile industrial centres, one each of Punjab and Haryana.
(22.2) Which two States have maximum concentration of cotton textile industries and why? 1+1+2=4
Ans. (22.1) Punjab—Amritsar or Ludhiana.
Haryana—Panipat or Gurgaon.
(22.2) Maharashtra and Gujarat have maximum concentration of cotton textile industry.

Reasons for concentration of cotton textile industry in these areas:
(i) Availability of raw cotton.
(ii) Proximity to the markets.
(iii) Easy transport including accessible port facilities.
(iv) Moist climate.
(v) Abundant availability of labour.
The following question is for Blind Candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 22. Explain the significance of textile industry in India. 4
Ans. (i) It contributes significantly to industrial production.
(ii) It has helped to generate huge employment.
(iii) It helps to pitch in foreign exchange.
(iv) It is the only self-reliant industry and contributes 4% towards GDP.
Q. 23. Explain the prudential and moral reasons given in favour of power sharing. 2+2=4
Ans. Two reasons are given in favour of power sharing: The first set of reasons can be called ‘prudential’ which stresses that power sharing will bring out better outcomes. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since conflicts lead to violence and political instability, political order can be stabilised by power sharing.
The Second set of reasons can be called ‘moral’, which emphasizes the very act of power sharing as valuable. Under this, we believe that the very spirit of democracy is power sharing. People have a right to be consulted on how to be governed and they have the right to participate in the system.
Q. 24. Explain four points how communalism can take various forms in politics. 4×1=4
Ans.
Q. 25. “Dynastic succession is posing a challenge to political parties causing problems in their functioning.” Give four arguments in support of this statement. 4×1=4
Ans. Most political parties do not practise open and transparent procedures for their functioning. So there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage as they favour people close to them or even their family members.
In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by members of a particular family, which is unfair to other members of the party, and bad for democracy. This is so because people who do not have adequate experience or popular support come to occupy positions of power. More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important.
This tendency is seen all over the world, even in older democracies.
Q. 26. Define the term ‘organized sector’. Explain three demerits of unorganized sector. 1+3=4
Ans. Organized sector covers those enterprises or places of work in which terms of employment are regular and people have assured work. They are registered with the government and have to follow various rules and regulations.
Demerits of the unorganized sector:
(i) In this sector, employment is not secure and jobs are irregular. Employees can be asked to leave without any reason.
(ii) Government rules are not followed as this sector is outside the control of the government. Jobs are often low paid and there is no provision for overtime, paid leave, leave due to sickness, etc.
(iii) This sector is at a disadvantage as it is fragmented into small parts and is scattered. Thus, the workers cannot easily unite and have organisations or unions to fight for their rights.
Q. 27. Study the graph carefully and answer the questions that follow:

(27.1) Mention the percentage of loans taken by well-off households and households with few assets from formal sector.
(27.2) State the reason for high percentage of formal sector loans to rich households and high percentage of informal sector loans to poor households. 2+2=4
Ans. (27.1) Percentage of formal sector loans taken by
well-off households = 72%.
Percentage of formal sector loans taken by
households with few assets = 47%.
(27.2) There is a high percentage of formal sector loans taken by rich households because rich households are able to provide collateral (land, building, vehicle, livestock, land documents, bank deposits etc.) as security which is a necessary requirement of the formal sector at the time of extending loans.
Banks and other formal sources of credit are usually unwilling to give loans to the poor households as they fail to provide collateral. Thus the poor households turn to money-lenders, relatives, friends and other informal sources to meet their loan requirements. Thus the percentage of informal sector loans to poor households is high.
The following question is for the Blind Candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 27.
Name any two sources of formal sector loans. Also state two demerits of informal sector loans. 2+2=4
Ans. Two sources of formal sector loans:
(i) Banks (ii) Cooperative Societies
Demerits of informal sector loans:
(i) There is no organisation that supervises credit activities in the informal sector. Thus, they charge very high rates of interest.
(ii) They use unfair means to get their money back
Q. 28. “Fair globalisation is possible if the government plays a major role in making it possible.” Support the statement. 4
Ans. The government can play a major role in making fair globalisation possible. Fair globalisation would create opportunities for all, and also ensure that benefits of globalisation are shared better. Government policies must protect the interests not only of the rich and the powerful, but also of all the people in the country.
(i) Government should ensure that labour laws are implemented and workers’ rights are protected.
(ii) Government should support small producers to improve their performance till the time they become strong enough to compete.
(iii) If necessary, government should use trade and investment barriers.
(iv) It can negotiate with WTO for fairer rules.
(v) It can also align with other developing countries with similar interests to fight against the domination of developed countries in the WTO.
Q. 29. Six features with serial numbers 1 to 6 are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of


the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map: 6×1=6
(1) Main centre of overseas trade
(2) A large scale industrial region of India in 1931
(3) A type of soil
(4) A major Jowar producing State
(5) An area where coal mine is located
(6) A major sea port

OR

Locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols on the given political outline map of India: 6×1=6
(i) A place where the National Congress session was held in 1920
(ii) A place where Civil Disobedience Movement was launched
(iii) An iron and steel plant in West Bengal
(iv) A nuclear plant in Karnataka
(v) A software technology park in Jammu and Kashmir
(vi) A major sea port in Gujarat.

(29.1) Name the place where Gandhiji organized a Satyagraha to protect against indigo-planters.
(29.2) A place in Gujarat where no tax campaign was launched.
(29.3) Name any one State where forest and mountainous soils are found.
(29.4) Name the port that was developed to decongest Kolkata port.
(29.5) Name the software technology park located in Gujarat.
(29.6) Which Indian State is the largest producer of Bajra? 6×1=6
Ans. (29.1) Champaran
(29.2) Bardoli
(29.3) Jammu and Kashmir or Himachal Pradesh or Uttaranchal
(29.4) Haldia
(29.5) Gandhinagar
(29.6) Rajasthan



MATHEMATICS 2009


                                                                    MATHEMATICS
                                                                 Set I - Outside Delhi 


Q. 9. Write the lower limit of the median class in the following frequency distribution .
   
Classes. 0–1010–2020–3030–4040–50
Frequency.9125168
Ans. 20
Sol .
ClassFc.f
0 - 1089
10 - 201212
20 - 30526
30- 40 1642
40- 50850







Median Class is 20-30
Lower limit of the median class is 20
Q. 10. Cards each marked with one of the numbers 6, 7, 8, …, 15 are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly. One card is drawn at random from the box. What is the probability of getting a card with number less than 10?
Ans . 




Sol. Total no. of cards = 10
Number of cards less than 10 = 6, 7, 8, 9 i.e. 4
Reqd. probability =

SECTION B
Questions number 11 to 15 carry 2 marks each.
Q. 11. What real number should be subtracted from the polynomial 3x3 + 10x2 – 14x + 9 so that the polynomial 3x – 2 divides it exactly?
Sol.
5 should be subtracted from 3x3 + 10x2– 14x + 9 So that the polynomial (3x – 2) divides it exactly
Q. 12. Evaluate .

Sol.





Q. 13. Find a relation between x and y if the points (2, 1), (x, y) and (7, 5) are collinear.
Sol . Let A(2, 1), B(x, y) and C(7, 5) Pts. A, B, C are collinear … (Given)
2(y – 5) + x(5 – 1) + 7(1 – y) = 0
2y – 10 + 5x – 5 + 7 – 7y = 0
5x – 5y – 8 = 0
or
5x – 5y = 8
Q. 14. ABC is a right triangle, right angled at A, and D is the mid-point of AB. Prove that
BC2 = CD2 + 3BD2

Sol.
Inrt
∆ BAC,

BC2 = CA2 + AB2.
…(Pythagoras’ theorem)
BC2 = (CD2 – AD2) + (2AD)2



BC2 = CD2 – AD2 + 4AD2
= CD2 + 3AD2
BC2 = CD2 + 3BD2
…….
Q. 15. Two dice are thrown at the same time. Find the probability that the sum of the two numbers appearing on the top of the dice is more than 9.
Sol. Two dice can be thrown as 6 X 6 = 36 ways
“a total more than 9” can be obtained as
(4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6) i.e. 6 ways

Required Probability =  
Or
A game consists of tossing a one-rupee coin 3 times and noting its outcome each time. Hanif wins if all the tosses give the same result i.e. three heads or three tails, and loses otherwise. Calculate the probability that Hanif will lose the game.
Sol. S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}
P (Hanif wins) = P (three heads or three tails)
=
P (Hanif loses) = 1 – P(Hanif wins)
SECTION C





Q. 18.  Check graphically whether the pair of equations 3x – 2y + 2 = 0 and x – y + 3 = 0, is consistent. Also find the coordinates of the points where the graphs of the equations meet the y-axis.
3x – 2y + 2 = 0       x – y + 3 = 0
3x + 2 = 2y                x + 3 = y


Sol. 3x – 2y + 2 = 0       x – y + 3 = 0

3x + 2 = 2y                x + 3 = y
x 0 2 -2
y 1 4 -2
x 0 2 -2
y 3 6 0



 By plotting the points and joining them, the lines donot intersect anywhere, i.e., they are parallel.
Given pair of equations is not consistent, i.e., inconsistent.
The equation 3x – 2y + 2 = 0 meets the y-axis at A(0, 1)
The equation x – y + 3 = 0 meets the y-axis at B(0, 3).
Or
A fraction becomes , if 2 is added to both numerator and denominator. If 3 is added to both numerator and denominator, it becomes. Find the fraction.
Sol. Let the fraction by
According to the question

3x + 6 = y + 2
3x – y = 2 – 6
3x – y = –4
3x + 4 = y …(i)
5x + 15 = 2y + 6
5x – 2y = 6 – 15
5x – 2y = – 9
5x – 2(3x + 4) = – 9
…[From (i)
5x – 6x – 8 = – 9
– x = – 9 + 8
– x = – 1
x = 1
From (i), y = 3(1) + 4 = 7
The fraction x/y =4/7
 Q. 19. Find the middle term of the A.P. 10, 7, 4, …, (– 62) .
Sol. 1 st term, a = 10
Common difference, d = 7 – 10 = – 3
an = – 62
a + (n – 1)d = – 62
10 + (n – 1) (– 3) = – 62
(n – 1) (– 3) = – 62 – 10 = – 72
n – 1 == 24
n = 24 + 1 = 25
Middle term = term term=13th term
an = a + (n – 1)d a13 = a + 12d
a13 = 10 + 12(– 3) = 10 – 36 = 26
Q. 20. For an acute angle show that
(sin – cosec ) (cos – sec ) =
Sol. LHS = (sin – cosec) (cos – sec )
=
=
=
=
RHS=
=
=…..[ cos2 +sin2 = 1]
= cos + sin …(ii)
From (i) and (ii) LHS = RHS

Q. 21. Point P, Q, R and S in that order are dividing a line segment joining A(2, 6) and B(7, – 4) in five equal parts. Find the coordinates of P and R.

AP : PB = 1 : 4
P
=
AR:RB=3:2
R
=
Q. 22. A (– 4, – 2), B(– 3, – 5), C(3, – 2) and D(2, k) are the vertices of a quadrilateral ABCD. Find the value of k, if the area of the quadrilateral is 28 sq. units.
Sol.
ar(ABC)
= + (-3)[ -2 – (-2 )] + 3[ -2-(-5)] (-4 , -2)
= -3 (-2+2 + 3 (-2 + 5) ]
=-3(0) + 3 (3 ) ]
=
ar ( ABC)ar( ABD) =28

+ ar (ACD)= 28
ar ( ACD) =28 - = =

[-4(-2-k) + 3 (k- (-2)) + 2(-2-(-2))] =

8 + 4k + 3k + 6 = 35

7k + 14 = 35

k + 2 = 5 …(Dividing both sides by 7)

k = 5 – 2

k = 5 – 2 or k = – 5 – 2

k = 3 or k = – 7
Q. 23. In Fig. 4, AB is a chord of length 9.6 cm, of a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm. The tangents at A and B intersect at P. Find the length of PA.
Sol. Join OP. Let it intersect AB at point M.
Then PAB is an isosceles and PO is the angle bisector of APB
So, OP  AB and therefore, OP bisects AB which gives
AM=MB=
Also OAP=900………….
In rt. AMO,OM=
=
=
=
LetPA =xcm and PM = Y cm
In rt AMP, x2 = y2 + (4.8)2 (Pythagoras’ theorem)
X2= y2 + 23.04 …(i)
In rt. ΔPAO, OP2 = PA2 + AO2
…(Pythagoras’ theorem)
(y + 3.6) 2= x2 + (6) 2
y2 + (3.6) 2 + 2(y) (3.6) = y2 + 23.04 + 36 …[From (i)]
12.96 + 7.2y = 59.04
7.2y = 59.04 – 12.96 = 46.08
From(i),x2 = y 2+23.04
=(6.4)2+23.04
=40.96+23 .04 = 64
Tangent, PA ,x ==+8 cm

Q. 24. Construct an isosceles triangle whose base is 9 cm and altitude is 5 cm. Then construct another triangle whose sides are 3/4of the corresponding sides of the first isosceles triangle.
Sol.

Given ABC is an isosceles , in which base
BC = 9 cm and altitude AD = 5 cm .
A′BC′is the required .
Q. 25. In a circular table cover of radius 70 cm, a design is formed leaving an equilateral triangle ABC in the middle as shown in Fig. 5. Find the total area of the design.
[ Use = 1.73, = ]
Sol. Join OA, OB and OC. O is the centre.
ABC is an eq. .


AOC = BOC = BOA = = =1200
Total area of the design = 3(area of segment)
= 3[area of sector – area of ]
=3
=3
……..( sin2 =2 sin cos )
=3
=3
=3x(70)2
=3x 4900
= 14700
=175 x 51.67 = 9042.25cm2
2nd Method : Let O be the centre.
From O draw OD BC

 AOC =   BOC = COA =  =  = 1200
BOD = COD =600 ………[From(i)]
Now,inrt . ODA,cos60 =
1/2 =
2OD=70 OD=35 cm
In rt. ODB,sin 600 = BD/OB

√3/2  = BD/70
2BD= 70     BD=35cm

BC=2BD=2(35)=70

Total area of the design= a rod circle–ar of ABC

= 22 x/7 (70)2 -
=22x / 7 (70)2 - √3/4(70 √3 )2



………..
=(70)2
=4900
= 175(88–36.33)
=175 X 51.67=9042.25 cm2 )

Or
Calculate the area other than the area common between two quadrants of circles of radius 16 cm each, which is shown as the shaded region in Fig. 6.

Soln . Area of quad =


=
Area of the shaded region
= 2[ ar of square-ar of quadrant]


=2[(16)2 -22/7 x 64]


=2 [256 – 1408/7] = 2 (256 – 201.4)

=2(54.86)=109.72cm2
SECTION D
Questions number 26 to 30 carry 6 marks each.
Q. 26 A motorboat whose speed in still water is 5 km/h, takes 1 hour more to go 12 km upstream
than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.

Sol. Let the speed of the stream = x km/hr
Then the speed of motorboat upstream = (5 – x) km/hr
and the speed of motorboat downstream = (5 + x) km/hr
Distance = 12 km
According to the question,


=


 


24x = 25 – x2             x2 + 24x – 25 = 0
(x2 + 25x – 1x – 25 = 0
x (x + 25) – 1 (x + 25) = 0
(x + 25) (x – 1) = 0
x + 25 = 0 or x – 1 = 0
x = – 25 or x = 1
But speed can not be –ve
Speed of the stream = 1 km/hr.
Q. 27. A man on the deck of a ship 14 m above water level, observes that the angle of elevation ofthe top of a cliff is 60° and the angle of depression of the base of the cliff is 30°. Calculate the distance of the cliff from the ship and the height of the cliff. [Take 3 = 1.732]
Sol. Let AB be the deck of a ship and CE be the cliff.





Or
The angles of depression of the top and the bottom of a 9 m high buildling from the top of a tower are 30° and 60° respectively. Find the height of the tower and the distance between the building and the tower.
Sol. Let AC be the tower
and DE be the building.
Let AC = y m
and DC = EB = x m



Q. 28. Prove that, in a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to the sum of squares of the other two sides, then the angle opposite to the first side is a right angle. Using the above, show that in an isosceles triangle ABC with AC = BC, if AB2 = 2AC2 then ABC is a right triangle.
 Sol.

Part I : See Theorem 4,
Page (xxxii).
Part II : AB2 = 2AC2
…(Given)
AB2 = AC2 + AC2
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
…[AC = BC (given)]


 Or
Prove that the lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal. Use the above result in the following :

A circle is inscribed in a ΔABC, touching AB, BC and AC at P, Q and R
respectively, as shown in
Fig. 7. If AB = 10 cm,
AR = 7 cm and RC = 5
cm, then find the length of BC.
Sol.
Part I : See Theorem 6, Page (xxxii).
Part II : AP = AR = 7 cm …(Given theorem)
QC = RC = 5 cm …(Given theorem)
BP = AB – AP
= 10 – 7 = 3 cm
BQ = BP = 3 cm …(Given theorem)
 BC = BQ + QC = 3 + 5 = 8 cm
Q. 29. A bucket made up of a metal sheet is in the form of a frustum of a cone. The depth of the bucket is 24 cm and the diameters of the top and the bottom are 30 cm and 10 cm respectively. Find the cost of milk which can completely fill the bucket at the rate of Rs. 25 per litre.

Sol. Lower radius of the bucket,




Q. 30. The following table gives production yield per hectare of wheat of 100 farms of a village :
Production yield (kg/hectare) Number of farms
40 -45 4
45 -45 6
50 -55 16
55-6020
60 -65 30
65 -70 24
Change the distribution to a ‘more than type’distribution, and draw its ogive.
Sol.
Production yield (kg/hectare) Number of farms Production more thanc.f.
40 -45 440100
45 -50 64596
50 -55 165090
55 -60 205574
60 -65 306054
65 -70 246524